{"id":3270,"date":"2021-12-27T14:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T14:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/?p=3270"},"modified":"2021-12-27T14:55:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T14:55:22","slug":"carolina-jimenez-sandoval-nyt-colombia-cant-afford-to-abandon-peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/carolina-jimenez-sandoval-nyt-colombia-cant-afford-to-abandon-peace\/","title":{"rendered":"Carolina Jim\u00e9nez Sandoval\/NYT: Colombia Can\u2019t Afford to Abandon Peace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/colombia_policia_desaparecida-700.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3282\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/colombia_policia_desaparecida-700.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/?attachment_id=3282\" class=\"wp-image-3282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/colombia_policia_desaparecida-700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/colombia_policia_desaparecida-700-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Maria Jose Gonzalez \/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Sjn3ujnAFe0\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cI am tired, sad and content<\/a>,\u201d Diana Sof\u00eda Mart\u00ednez told political leaders and international community representatives in Bogot\u00e1 commemorating the fifth anniversary last month of the end of a conflict that marked Ms. Mart\u00ednez\u2019s life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her father, Edwin, an electrician,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JEP_Colombia\/status\/1442614461215363085?s=20\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">was kidnapped in 2002 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces<\/a>&nbsp;of Colombia guerrilla group, known as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/08\/25\/world\/americas\/colombia-farc-peace-deal.html\">FARC, which fought the government in a 52-year civil war<\/a>. He remains missing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI am tired of all the bureaucracy and protocols,\u201d she continued. \u201cI\u2019m sad because disappearances keep occurring. And I\u2019m content because, despite so much adversity, we are still here dreaming and supported by infinite hope.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her moving words conveyed the hope of many Colombians when FARC agreed to turn over its arms to a&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/colombia.unmissions.org\/sites\/default\/files\/last_sg_report_on_the_un_mission_in_colombia_eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations mission<\/a>&nbsp;five years ago. Her words also reflect the frustrations Colombians now face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The agreement, reached after four years of painstaking talks, was supposed to address the conflict\u2019s root causes:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jep.gov.co\/Documents\/Acuerdo%20Final\/Acuerdo%20Final.pdf\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">poverty, brutal inequalities in the countryside and the absence of government services<\/a>. Its promise remains unfulfilled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/datos.bancomundial.org\/indicator\/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=CO\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">over 80 percent<\/a>&nbsp;of Colombians living in cities, where the middle class has grown larger and more removed from rural concerns, it was easy for many to think little of the armed conflict, fought in remote regions and terrorizing mainly smallholding farmers, many of them poor Black and Indigenous people. The accord never had broad popular support:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2016\/10\/02\/espanol\/america-latina\/colombia-acuerdo-de-paz-farc-no.html\">Turnout was only 37 percent<\/a>&nbsp;when it was put to a vote in 2016, and 50.2 percent voted against it. (Congress later approved a revised agreement.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not that Colombians don\u2019t want peace. There are, though, serious differences between people\u2019s needs in parts of the country where armed groups and illicit economies thrive and people\u2019s needs in the parts where daily struggles \u2014 unemployment, common crime, corruption \u2014 are more typical of Latin American nations at peace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Large landowners, oil and mining companies, and longstanding political machines had no interest in sharing power with small farmers and ethnic communities. The armed groups that supported them in the past and faced off against FARC continue to terrorize many municipalities. Meanwhile, large areas of the country remain ungoverned. Thousands have no land title,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/09\/26\/world\/americas\/colombia-peace-deal-farc.html\">roads are scarce, and no authorities are present<\/a>&nbsp;to protect people or settle disputes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the accord\u2019s provisions have moved forward.&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reincorporacion.gov.co\/es\/agencia\/Documentos%20de%20ARN%20en%20Cifras\/ARN%20en%20cifras%20corte%20abril%202019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">About 13,000 ex-guerrillas have been integrated into civilian life<\/a>&nbsp;and are engaging in the political system. A special tribunal and a truth commission are bringing some truth and justice to victims<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Key promises to address the conflict\u2019s root causes, like a greater government presence in rural areas to support small farmers and provide alternatives to growing coca, have gone unmet. Small armed groups are proliferating and adding recruits. Social leaders have once again become targets. Homicides have increased to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindefensa.gov.co\/irj\/go\/km\/docs\/Mindefensa\/Documentos\/descargas\/estudios_sectoriales\/info_estadistica\/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">levels not seen since 2013<\/a>&nbsp;and in rural areas,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indepaz.org.co\/informe-de-masacres-en-colombia-durante-el-2020-2021\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">massacres<\/a>&nbsp;of civilians by armed and criminal groups to levels not seen in a decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>President Iv\u00e1n Duque\u2019s government has never provided sufficient funds for the rural provisions. Colombia\u2019s comptroller general estimates that at the current rate of spending,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wola.org\/analysis\/a-long-way-to-go-implementing-colombias-peace-accord-after-five-years\/#id.mjjxyma1f1j0\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;it would take 26 years to fulfill the accord\u2019s commitments<\/a>. The accord\u2019s core effort to bring the state into conflict zones has received barely a seventh of its expected 15-year budget, by the most generous estimate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disinvestment has obstructed plans to build roads, connect towns to the electrical grid, provide potable water, title land and carry out tens of thousands of projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent events have made it even less likely that the government will spend what it needs to. Lower prices for principal export commodities like oil, coal and coffee have crippled the national budget, which has been further squeezed by the need to care for the humanitarian needs of almost two million Venezuelan migrants and refugees, and the costs of dealing with Covid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can Colombia afford to abandon peace? Of course, it cannot: It is horrifying even to contemplate returning to a conflict that claimed more than&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co\/262-197-muertos-dejo-el-conflicto-armado\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">260,000 lives, disappeared 80,000<\/a>&nbsp;people and displaced&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidadvictimas.gov.co\/es\/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv\/37394\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">eight million from their homes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There will be presidential elections in May. To accelerate application of the accords, the new president will need to overcome resistance from those unwilling to reduce their privilege. One way is to demand that the judicial system investigate ties between organized crime and landowners, machine politicians and factions of the security forces, prosecuting when necessary. The violent opposition to the accord\u2019s reforms by these groups is a key reason Colombia is the most dangerous country in the world to be a human rights defender or environmental activist.More on Colombia<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/05\/12\/opinion\/international-world\/colombia-protests-biden.html?action=click&amp;module=RelatedLinks&amp;pgtype=Article\">Opinion | Adam IsacsonColombia Is in Turmoil. Biden Must Push It Toward Dialogue.May 12, 2021<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/05\/23\/opinion\/colombias-peace-is-too-precious-to-abandon.html?action=click&amp;module=RelatedLinks&amp;pgtype=Article\">Opinion | The Editorial BoardColombia\u2019s Peace Is Too Precious to AbandonMay 23, 2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spending would need to double, to nearly $3 billion per year, as foreseen in the government\u2019s own 15-year investment plans. That would equal 0.5 percent to 1 percent of the gross domestic product, not a lot to ask of a&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=XP-CO\" target=\"_blank\">middle-income country of 50 million people<\/a>. It would not require any financial sacrifice from most Colombians: One of the planet\u2019s least equal countries needs to increase taxes on the wealthy and on property holdings, and seize illegally obtained assets from politically powerful individuals whose activities straddle the legal and criminal spheres. Last, the country\u2019s new leader will need to make clear to city dwellers, who have been less supportive of the accord, that they too will benefit from a countryside that is peaceful and well governed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colombia\u2019s international friends, especially the United States, should provide greater financial assistance for rural development and give more support to find the killers of social leaders and ex-combatants, and hold them accountable.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/revocation-of-the-terrorist-designations-of-the-revolutionary-armed-forces-of-colombia-farc-and-additional-terrorist-designations\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">By removing FARC from its list of foreign terrorist organizations<\/a>&nbsp;recently, the U.S. government signaled that it wanted reconciliation efforts to advance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colombia\u2019s many victims need to be able to stop feeling \u201ctired and sad.\u201d They deserve the chance to have their hopes fulfilled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Ms. Sandoval is a human-rights activist and the president of the Washington Office on Latin America.<\/strong><\/em> EnergiesNet.com do not reflect either for or against the opinion expressed in the comment as an endorsement of Petroleumworld.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/27\/opinion\/colombia-peace-agreement.html\">Original article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor\u2019s Note: This article was originally publish on The&nbsp;New Yortk Times on Dec. 27, 2021. All comments posted and published on Petroleumworld, do not reflect either for or against the opinion expressed in the comment as an endorsement of Petroleumworld.<br><br>Use Notice: This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of issues of environmental and humanitarian significance. We believe this constitutes a \u2018fair use\u2019 of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107. For more information go to: http:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/17\/107.shtml.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/\">EnergiesNet.com<\/a>&nbsp;12 27 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cI am tired, sad and content,\u201d Diana Sof\u00eda Mart\u00ednez told political leaders and international community representatives in Bogot\u00e1 commemorating the fifth anniversary last month of the end of a conflict that marked Ms. Mart\u00ednez\u2019s life. Her father, Edwin, an electrician,&nbsp;was kidnapped in 2002 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces&nbsp;of Colombia guerrilla group, known as&nbsp;FARC, which fought &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/carolina-jimenez-sandoval-nyt-colombia-cant-afford-to-abandon-peace\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Carolina Jim\u00e9nez Sandoval\/NYT: Colombia Can\u2019t Afford to Abandon Peace<\/span> Leer m\u00e1s &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","category-opinion-article"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3270"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energiesnet.com\/espanol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}